Maonedwe: 83 Wolemba: Mkonzi Wosindikiza Nthawi: 2023-05-57 Chiyambitso: Tsamba
Bukuli lifotokoza zina mwazomwe zimadziwika kwambiri (ndi ena mwapadera) ma dayirs omwe ali ndi misomali amatha kulowa. Kuchokera pa ntchito yopepuka yayikulu komanso yayikulu kwa ochepa, pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri zamtundu 25 ndi mapulogalamu a mtundu uliwonse.
Nthawi zambiri, pali ziwalo zitatu zazikulu za msomali. Magawo atatu awa akuphatikiza mutu, wonyezimira, ndi mfundo. Iliyonse ya ziwalo izi imakwaniritsa cholinga.
Mutu wa msomali ndi malo osalala kumbuyo kwa msomali womwe wogwiritsa ntchito amagwera ndi nyundo. Mutuwo umagwira zolinga ziwiri: zimagwira ntchito ngati malo owombera msomali komanso amachitanso malo ochulukirapo opindika zinthuzo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitu ya msomali, kuphatikizapo lathyathyathya, couninks, checked, ndi zina zambiri.
The shank ndi gawo lalitali, loonda la msomali lomwe limatambasulira mutu mpaka pomwepo. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limakhala ma cylindrical, koma misomali yambiri ili ndi zingwe zapadera zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi.
Chowonadi ndi gawo la msomali womwe umalowa nkhuni. Pamwambapa, mfundo zimawoneka zolimba, koma makamaka zimakhala ndi zigawo zosalala. Izi zimathandiza kuti msomali azichita ngati wedge, kugawa ulusiwo monga wosuta amaziyendetsa. Mofananamo, misomali ina ili ndi maupangiri opukutira, ndipo amapukutira ulusi mtsogolo momwe wosuta amayendetsa msomali m'malo moloza, ndipo izi zimapangitsa nsonga zopunthwitsa sizingathetse nkhuni.
The D m'matumbo amisomali akuwonetsa 'Penny, ' ndipo amatchulidwa kuti:
Tebulo lotsatirali ndi kutalika kwa nambala iliyonse.
| Kukula Kolembera | Utali | Chithunzi chachitsulo cha waya |
| IN. | mm | IN. |
| 2d | 1 | 25.4 |
| 3d | 1-16 | 31.7 |
| 4d | 1-1 / 2 | 38.1 |
| 5d | 1-3 / 4 | 44.4 |
| 6d | 2 | 50.8 |
| 7d | 2-16 | 57.1 |
| 8d | 2-1 / 2 | 63.5 |
| 9d | 2-3 / 4 | 69.8 |
| 10d | 3 | 76.2 |
| 12d | 3-16 | 82.5 |
| 16d | 3-1 / 2 | 88.9 |
| 20d | 4 | 101.6 |
| 30d | 4-1 2 | 114.3 |
| 40d | 5 | 127.0 |
| 50d | 5-1 2 | 139.7 |
| 60d | 6 | 152.4 |
| 70d | 7 | 177.8 |
Dongosolo la ndalama limagwiritsidwa ntchito misomali pakupanga nkhuni, monga ochimwa, misomali wamba, ndi misomali ya bokosi. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala omveka bwino komanso osamala mfuti za msomali, zojambula zamatabwa zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zingwe zitatu, ndipo ali ndi 8D, 10D, ndi 16D.
Kugwiritsa ntchito msomali wa 8d kukuphatikiza khoma la khoma ku subflor. Popeza ndizotsika mtengo, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito polumikizira mizere ya chimalk kuti tisunge katundu kapena kuchita ngati miseche mukamakweza mahothi ankhondo. Amatha kuphatikizanso zingwe zowufa, kupuma, ndi zida zina zocheperako.
Misomali khumi (10d) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga misonkhano yamisonkhano yomanga ndi makhoma. Kutalika kwawo kwa 3-inche kumatanthauza kuti amatha kupunthwa kudzera 2x6s, 2x8s, kapena 2x10s ndi chidutswa cha ndulu pakati pawo (sangweji yamutu) popanda kuyika mbali inayo. Amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito makoma osanyamula.
Nayiyo 16d nail ndiye yogwira ntchito yankhondo. Misomali iyi ndi yayitali komanso yamphamvu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamisonkhano yapamwamba yakhoma. Mliripentala misomali kudutsa kumaso kwa mbale zapamwamba ndi pansi ndi kumapeto kwa pakhoma la khoma, kuwafinya ngati khoma la khoma. Misomali iyi imapereka mphamvu yokwanira polola makoma kuti athetse ndikusintha pang'ono pakapita nthawi popanda kuphwanya.
Ponena za zida zimapita, mitundu yambiri ya misomali imakhala yachitsulo. Komabe, palinso misomali pazida monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, chitsulo, aluminiyamu, kapena mkuwa. Misomali yachitsulo osapanga dzimbiri ndizothandiza kuyambira pomwe sachita zinthu ngati zida ngati mtengo kapena redwood. Misomali yamkuwa imathandiza mukakhazikitsa matayala owoneka bwino kapena amkuwa.
Nthawi zambiri, kumaliza kumakhudza momwe msomali umamira mu nkhuni kapena momwe msomali umagwirira ntchito. Misomali yofala imaphatikizapo:
Wowala: wachitsulo chopanda pake.
Zojambulajambula: kuviikidwa mu chitoliro chovunda.
Chitetezo chakuda cha phosphate: chitetezo chochepa thupi chomwe chimalimbikitsa kutengera utoto.
Zinc-zokutira: zonga zowonda kwambiri za zinc yomwe imagwira ntchito m'nyumba, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawoneka siliva kapena golide.
Wina akuyenda pansi pa njira yoyesera pa malo ogulitsira a Box Box kunyumba adzatsimikizira kuti mitundu ya msomali imachuluka. Komabe, misomali ina ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa ina, ndipo bukuli lidzaphwanya mitundu ina ya misomali.
Monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, misomali wamba ndi misomali yanu yatsiku ndi tsiku. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito yomanga, ndipo amathamangitsidwa kukhala zida zolimba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chimaliziro chowala, chomwe chimatanthawuza kuti sakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito panja.
Zabwino kwambiri: Mavinding ndi ntchito yomanga yomwe siyikuwoneka ndi nyengo.
Kuwoneka ngati misomali wamba, koma ndiocheperako. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sakusintha mu nkhuni koma amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zochepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mphamvu yamphamvu ndi yochititsa chidwi, pewani misomali yama bokosi.
Zabwino kwambiri: General Gener, koma alibe mphamvu ya msomali wamba.
Misomali yoyala ndiyofanana ndi misomali wamba, ndipo ndi misomali yomanga yambiri yambiri imakonda kuwona. Ali ndi zingwe zogwera, mitu yayikulu, ndikupatsa mphamvu zolimba ndi mphamvu. Amabwera kumalitsirire ma projekiti apakati komanso ochita kupanga majeremusi akunja. Amapezekanso m'matumba ambiri.
Zabwino kwambiri: Mavingmi ndi ntchito yomanga.
Kutsiriza misomali kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza ntchito. Mitu yowoneka ngati yaying'ono imakhala yaying'ono ndipo imatha kuthamangitsidwa pansi pa nkhuni pogwiritsa ntchito misomali yotchedwa Counterkung). Kutsiriza misomali ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chepetsa, kuluka mipando, ndikumanga ntchito zina komwe mukufuna kubisa mutu wa Freener.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Tsimu, kuumba, ndi ntchito zina zomaliza.
Brads imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati misomali yomalizidwa koma ndizocheperako pang'ono m'mimba mwake, ndi mitu yaying'ono. Brads amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafelemu omanga, kuphatikiza palwood pywood, kumaumba ena, komanso ntchito ya nduna. Mawonda awo pang'ono pang'ono pang'ono komanso mitu yaying'ono imawapangitsa kuti azitha kugawanika nkhuni, komanso zosavuta kubisala.
Zabwino kwambiri: Kumanga mafelemu, kuphatikizira, kuumba, kumangirira, ndi ntchito ina yopangira nduna.
Misomali ya pini ndi misomali yaying'ono yopanda mitu yopanda mitu. Ndiwo wowonda kwambiri, amatha kuchotsedwa pa pini ya pini, ndipo musapereke mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, kapangidwe kawo kopsinjika ndi mutu wawo zimawapangitsa kuti asaonekere osawoneka ndipo sakanagawanika nkhuni. Izi zimapangitsa pinte misomali kusankha kwa chithunzi, kuphatikiza nkhuni zowoneka bwino monga mikanda yoonda ngati mikanda kapena zingwe zopyapyala ma rinnings, komanso chimanga chowonda kwambiri kwa makabati.
Zabwino kwambiri:
Misomali ya konkriti imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni popanga kuuma, kulimba, ndi kulimba kwambiri; Malo osalala ndi zokutira zokulirapo, palibe kung'anima, ndi kotsutsa. Kupsa; Sonkhanitsani misomali ya konkriti ndi guluu kuti musasunge & kuswa. Atadzaza ndi bokosi la pulasitiki la kuyika kwatsopano.
Zabwino kwambiri: Imagwira ntchito zabwino ku ma conreting mitaing, mizere yotsekemera, nyumba yamagalimoto, mapangidwe omanga, kukhazikika, ndi zina zambiri.
Misomali yachilendo ndi misomali yolimbana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza nduna yolumikizana ndi ozungulira. Sayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali chifukwa amangocheza ndi gulu la Joist (lomwe lili pansi pa 1/8-inchi) kupita ku Hadger, kenako nkupita ku Hasting Hist. Akhozanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuphatikiza zingwe za stair, zingwe zamkuntho, zowomba, ndi mabatani ena akuluakulu. Misomali yachisoni ya Joust imapereka zochulukirapo ndikulimba mtima kuposa kupindika kumapeto kwa zomwe zidachitika.
Zabwino kwambiri: Kuphatikiza nduna za joist, zingwe zapamwamba, chimphepo chamkuntho, ndikuwoloka pamiyendo yakunja.
Misomali yopanda denga ili ndi mitu yayikulu, yozungulira ndi zingwe zolemera kuposa misomali ina yambiri. Zopangidwa kuti zigwirize ntchito ndi zidutswa za phula m'malo popanda kuwononga, misomali yosiyidwa ndi yolimbana ndi dzimbiri.
Zabwino kwambiri: ma tabu omangirira omangirira padenga.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya misomali, kuphatikiza mphete ya atsamba lankhondo la Shank msomali wodziwika bwino, ndi iwo omwe ali ndi spirkis. Misomali iyi ili ndi zopyapyala (ndi mphete kapena kuzungulira) ndi mitu yonse. Kusanja misomali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekera kumaso kwa a Lalkboard, choncho ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito misomali yolimbana ndi misomali pamenepa. Kupatulako kukakhala ngati mahondamu ndi mtengo, womwe umafuna misomali yachitsulo yopanda dzimbiri.
Zabwino kwambiri: Kupachika mbali ndi kuwomba.
Misomali yoyeretsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira m'malo ogwirira ntchito pansi. Kupezeka mu 16 gauge l ndi 16 gauge taletsedwa zitsulo, pakukhazikitsa 1/2 mkati. Mpaka 3/4 mu. Mfundo yopepuka imathandizira kupewa kukanga nkhuni. Mapangidwe owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Zabwino kwa: ngodya ndi nkhope zopindika popanda kuwonongeka pansi.
Zomangira zovomerezeka zikutanthauza kukulira. Monga msomali wawo wamkati, zomangira zovomerezeka zimapatsa okhazikika mwaluso zingapo, sizowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezeka kwambiri pakupanga ntchito. Izi ndizoyenera kuti machitidwe ovomerezeka amachepetsa nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikukhazikitsa owongoka, kuthetsa kufunika kwa kudyetsa munthu wina nthawi imodzi.
Zabwino kwambiri: Kukhazikitsa kwa Duwall, mipando yomanga, ma deck, masitepe, ndi mafelemu.
Izi ndi malangizo ena othandiza kuganizira mukamathamangira ndi misomali:
Mukamayendetsa misomali yaying'ono, pewani kumenyetsa zala ndi nyundo polunjika msomali kudzera mu kakhadi kakang'ono ka katoni, atanyamula msomaliyo m'malo mwake ndi katoniyo, kenako ndikuwongolera ndi nyundo.
Malangizo a msomali amagwira ngati mphero ndikugawanika nkhuni. Ganizirani kupsinjika kwa msomali mwa kuyimikira ndikugunda mfundo ndi nyundo. Tsonga loyatsa lidzalanda ulusi wamatabwa kudzera mu bolodi m'malo molumikizana.
Mukakhala ndi chala (njira yokhotakhota (njira yokhotakhota yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa misomali), yambitsani msomali pa bolodi ya 90 kupita ku board. Mthundwe ukakhala pafupi ndi inch mu bolodi, sinthani msomali ku makona 45 kupita ku bolodi ndikupitiliza kuyendetsa ndi nyundo.
Mitundu ina yamitengo, monga mtengo wa cedar kapena Redwood, idzana ndi misomali yowala, ngakhale mkati mwa ntchito. Misozi yosapanga dzimbiri, yotentha yotentha, kapena misomali ya aluminium ndiyabwino nthawi ino.
