Mawonedwe: 83 Wolemba: Site Editor Nthawi Yosindikiza: 2023-05-07 Koyambira: Tsamba
Bukuli lifotokoza za mitundu yodziwika bwino (komanso yapadera) ya misomali ya DIYers yomwe ingalowemo. Kuchokera pa ntchito yopepuka mpaka yolemetsa komanso yayikulu mpaka yaying'ono, pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitundu 25 ya misomali komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mtundu uliwonse.
Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala mbali zitatu zazikulu za msomali. Zigawo zitatuzi ndi mutu, shank, ndi mfundo. Chilichonse mwa zigawozi chimakhala ndi cholinga.
Mutu wa msomali ndi malo athyathyathya kumbuyo kwa msomali omwe wogwiritsa ntchito amamenya ndi nyundo. Mutu umagwira ntchito ziwiri: Umakhala ngati malo ochititsa chidwi pokhomerera msomali komanso umagwira ntchito ngati malo ochulukirapo pokhomerera zinthuzo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya mitu ya misomali, kuphatikiza yosalala, yothira, yowerengera, ndi zina zambiri.
Shank ndi gawo lalitali, lopyapyala la msomali lomwe limatambasuka kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapeto. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limakhala la cylindrical, koma misomali yambiri imakhala ndi ziboda zapadera zomwe zimawapatsa mphamvu zapadera.
Mfundo ndi gawo la msomali lomwe limalowa m'matabwa. Pamwamba, mfundo zimawoneka ngati zowoneka bwino, koma zambiri zimakhala ndi magawo athyathyathya. Izi zimathandiza kuti msomali ukhale ngati mphero, kugawa ulusi pakati pawo pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akuuyendetsa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, misomali ina imakhala ndi nsonga zokhotakhota, ndipo imakhomerera ulusiwo kutsogolo pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akukhomerera msomali m'malo momangirira, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti nsonga zokhotakhota zikhale zosavuta kugawa nkhuni.
D mu makulidwe a misomali amaonetsa 'ndalama,' ndipo amatchulidwa motere: 10D amatchulidwa kuti 'ndalama khumi.' Poyambirira, mawuwa ankasonyeza kuti mmisiri wa matabwa amayenera kulipira ndalama zingati pa misomali 100 yautali wake.
Tebulo ili ndi kutalika kwa nambala iliyonse.
| Penny Size | Utali | Steel Wire Gauge |
| mu. | mm | mu. |
| 2d | 1 | 25.4 |
| 3d | 1-1/4 | 31.7 |
| 4d | 1-1/2 | 38.1 |
| 5d | 1-3/4 | 44.4 |
| 6d | 2 | 50.8 |
| 7d | 2-1/4 | 57.1 |
| 8d | 2-1/2 | 63.5 |
| 9d | 2-3/4 | 69.8 |
| 10d | 3 | 76.2 |
| 12d | 3-1/4 | 82.5 |
| 16d | 3-1/2 | 88.9 |
| 20d | 4 | 101.6 |
| 30d | 4-1/2 | 114.3 |
| 40d | 5 | 127.0 |
| 50d | 5-1/2 | 139.7 |
| 60d | 6 | 152.4 |
| 70d | 7 | 177.8 |
Dongosolo la khobiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga misomali yopangira matabwa, monga zomangira, misomali wamba, ndi misomali yamabokosi. Ndipo ngakhale zomveka bwino komanso zomveka zokonda mfuti za misomali, akalipentala ambiri opangira misomali nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makulidwe atatu a misomali, ndipo ndi 8D, 10D, ndi 16D.
Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka msomali wa 8D ndikumangirira mbale ya khoma ku subfloor. Popeza ndizotsika mtengo, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri kumangirira mizere ya choko kuzinthu zamapepala kapena kukhala ngati mahinji pokweza makoma a khoma. Amathanso kumangirira zingwe za ubweya, sheathing, ndi zida zina zoonda kwambiri.
Misomali yandalama khumi (10D) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga makoma ammutu ndi makoma. Kutalika kwawo kwa mainchesi atatu kumatanthauza kuti amatha kumenya 2x6s, 2x8s, kapena 2x10s ndi plywood ya ½-inch pakati pawo (sangweji yamutu) osadutsa mbali inayo. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakoma osanyamula katundu.
Msomali wa 16D ndiye kavalo wamba wa okonza mapulani. Misomali imeneyi ndi yaitali ndiponso yolimba, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira makoma enieni. Mmisiri wa matabwa amakhomerera pankhope za pamwamba ndi pansi ndi m'malekezero a zitsulo zapakhoma, ndikuzikhomera m'malo mwake ngati kusonkhana pakhoma. Misomali iyi imapereka mphamvu zokwanira zogwirira komanso imalola kuti makomawo agwedezeke ndikusintha pakapita nthawi osasweka.
Ponena za zipangizo, mitundu yambiri ya misomali ndi chitsulo. Komabe, palinso misomali muzinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, chitsulo, aluminiyamu, kapena mkuwa. Misomali yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi yothandiza chifukwa sachita zinthu ngati mkungudza kapena redwood. Misomali yamkuwa imakhala yothandiza mukayika matailosi amkuwa kapena denga lamkuwa.
Nthaŵi zambiri, mapeto ake amakhudza mmene msomaliwo umamira m’thabwalo kapena mmene msomaliwo suchita dzimbiri. Kutsirizitsa misomali wamba kumaphatikizapo:
Wowala: Chosamaliza, chitsulo chosaphika.
Phalata: Choviikidwa mu zokutira zosachita dzimbiri.
Black phosphate: Chitetezo chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimalimbikitsa kumamatira kwa utoto.
Zinc-plated: Chophimba chopyapyala cha zinki chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino m'nyumba, ndipo chimawoneka ngati siliva kapena golide mumtundu koma chimawonjezera kukana dzimbiri.
Mmodzi akuyenda pansi pa zomangira m'malo ogulitsa bokosi lalikulu lanyumba adzatsimikizira kuti mitundu ya misomali ilipo. Komabe, misomali ina imakhala yofala kwambiri kuposa ina, ndipo bukhuli lidzaphwanya mitundu ina ya misomali.
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, misomali wamba ndi misomali yanu ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga movutikira, ndipo amatha kuyendetsedwa muzinthu zolimba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kumaliza kowala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizikhala nthawi yayitali pamapulogalamu akunja.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Ntchito yomanga ndi zomangamanga zomwe sizikhala ndi nyengo.
Izi zimawoneka ngati misomali wamba, koma ndizochepa thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kung'amba matabwa koma amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mphamvu zamapangidwe ndizofunikira, pewani misomali yamabokosi.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Zomangamanga zonse, koma zilibe mphamvu ya msomali wamba.
Misomali yomangira imakhala yofanana ndi misomali wamba, ndipo ndiyo misomali yomangika yomwe ambiri amazolowera kuwona. Amakhala ndi ziboliboli zazikulu, mitu yotakata, ndipo amapereka mphamvu zambiri zogwira ndi mphamvu. Amabwera kumapeto kowala pama projekiti amkati komanso malata pama projekiti akunja. Amapezekanso mumitundu yambiri.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Ntchito yomanga ndi zomangamanga.
Misomali yomaliza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza. Mitu yawo yooneka ngati mbiya ndi yaing'ono ndipo imatha kuyendetsedwa pansi pa matabwa pogwiritsa ntchito misomali (njira yotchedwa countersinking). Kumaliza misomali ndi kothandiza pakuyika zodula, kupanga mipando, ndikumanga ma projekiti ena komwe mukufuna kubisa mutu wa chomangira.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kudula, kuumba, ndi ntchito zina zomaliza.
Mitengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati misomali yomaliza koma imakhala yaying'ono m'mimba mwake, yokhala ndi mitu yaying'ono. Matabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mafelemu, kumangirira mapanelo a plywood, zomangira zina, ndi ntchito za nduna. Mitu yawo yocheperako pang'ono ndi mitu yaying'ono imawapangitsa kuti asamagawane nkhuni, komanso kubisala mosavuta.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kumanga mafelemu, kumangirira mapanelo, zomangira, ndi ntchito zina za nduna.
Misomali ya pini ndi misomali yaing'ono ya waya yopanda mitu. Ndioonda kwambiri, amatha kungothamangitsidwa kuchokera pa msomali wa pini, ndipo samapereka mphamvu zambiri zogwirira. Komabe, kuonda kwawo komanso kusowa kwa mutu kumawapangitsa kuti asawonekere akangowotchedwa ndipo sagawaniza nkhuni. Izi zimapangitsa misomali ya pini kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino popanga zithunzi, kumangirira zomangira zosalimba monga mikanda yopyapyala kapena zingwe, komanso kumangirira zomangira zopyapyala pamakabati.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kumanga chimango, kumangirira zomangira zofewa, ndikuyika cornice ku makabati.
Misomali ya konkire imapangidwa ndi zitsulo za kaboni kuti zitsimikizire kuuma kwakukulu, kulimba, komanso kulimba kwautali; Malo osalala okhala ndi zokutira zokhuthala, zopanda kung'anima, komanso anti-corrosion. Pang'ono kupanikizana; Sonkhanitsani misomali ya konkire ndi guluu kuti musamasuke ndi kusweka. Odzaza ndi bokosi la pulasitiki kuti muyike bwino.
Yabwino Kwambiri: Imagwira ntchito bwino pakukhomerera konkire, mizere yaubweya, zomanga za truss, kupanga mafelemu omanga, kukongoletsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Misomali ya Hanger ndi misomali yolimba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira zopachika pazitsulo. Sitiyenera kukhala motalika chifukwa amangotsina hanger (yomwe ili pansi pa 1/8-inch thick) ku ledger, ndiyeno joist kwa joist hanger. Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kumangirira zomangira masitepe, zomangira mphepo yamkuntho, zomangira, ndi mabulaketi ena amalatisi. Misomali ya joist hanger imapereka mphamvu yogwira komanso yolimba kuposa kukhomerera kumapeto kwa joist.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kumangirira ma joist hangers, ma stringer hangers, zomangira mphepo yamkuntho, ndi kumanga panja.
Misomali yokhala ndi denga ili ndi mitu yayikulu mosiyanasiyana, yozungulira komanso zingwe zolemera kuposa misomali ina yambiri. Zopangidwa kuti zisunge zida zofolera ndi phula pamalo osang'ambika, misomali yofolerera imakometsedwa mwamphamvu kuti isachite dzimbiri.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kumangirira ma shingle padenga.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya misomali yam'mbali, kuphatikiza misomali ya annular ring shank yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndi yomwe ili ndi zingwe zozungulira. Misomali iyi imakhala ndi zingwe zopyapyala (zokhala ndi mphete kapena zozungulira) ndi mitu yayikulu. Misomali yokhomerera pamaso a clapboard ikhala ndi mitu yowonekera, ndiye ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito misomali yam'mbali nthawi ngati imeneyi. Kupatulapo kungakhale ngati clapboard ndi mkungudza, yomwe ingafune misomali yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kupachika pambali ndi bolodi.
Misomali yoyera ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pama projekiti a matabwa olimba. Zopezeka mu 16 Gauge L Zobowoka ndi 16 Gauge T zomangira zomangira,Kuyika 1/2 in. mpaka 3/4 in. Cupped mfundo kumathandiza kupewa kugawanika mu nkhuni. Mapangidwe owoneka ngati mphero yamutu wotakata kuti akhale pansi.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Ntchito zokhomerera pamakona ndi nkhope popanda kuwononga pansi.
Zomangira zomata zimatanthauza kuchuluka kwa zokolola. Mofanana ndi misomali yawo komanso zomangira zawo, zomangira zomangika zimapatsa akatswiri oyikapo maubwino angapo, ocheperako omwe ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti machitidwe ophatikizana amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi yotsegula ndikuyika zomangira zotayirira, kuthetsa kufunika kodyetsa chomangira chimodzi panthawi imodzi.
Zabwino Kwambiri: Kuyika zowumitsa, mipando yomanga, masitepe, masitepe, ndi mafelemu.
Zotsatirazi ndi zina zothandiza zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pomanga ndi misomali:
Pokhomerera misomali ing’onoing’ono, peŵani kumenya zala ndi nyundo mwa kuboola msomaliwo patinthu tating’ono ta makatoni, kuugwira msomali pamalo ake ndi makatoni, ndiyeno kuukhomerera ndi nyundo.
Nsonga za misomali zosongoka zimakhala ngati mphero ndikugawanika nkhuni. Ganizirani kulemetsa kumapeto kwa msomali poutembenuza ndi kugogoda mfundo yake ndi nyundo. Nsonga yosasunthika imakhomerera ulusi wamatabwa kudutsa pa bolodi m'malo mozilekanitsa.
Mukakhomerera misomali (njira yokhomerera misomali pa ngodya), yambani msomali pamadigiri 90 pa bolodi. Pamene nsonga ya msomali ili pafupi ⅛-inchi mu bolodi, sinthani msomali pa ngodya ya 45 digiri pa bolodi ndikupitiriza kuyendetsa ndi nyundo.
Mitundu ina yamatabwa, monga mkungudza kapena redwood, idzachita ndi misomali yowala, ngakhale mkati mwa ntchito. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, malata oviikidwa otentha, kapena misomali ya aluminiyamu ndi yabwino pazochitika izi.
